Essay on “Operations and Logistics Management”

Essay on â€Å"Operations and Logistics Management† Introduction Logistics management as the governance supply sequence functions as gone under some transformations in the recent past. The activities involved in the logistics management like; outbound and inbound fleet management, inventory management, materials handling, warehousing, transportation management, order fulfillment, supply/demand planning, logistics network design, and management of other logistics service and product providers, has also grown and led to adoption of new ICT systems. These logistics functions do include; packaging and assembly, sourcing and procurement, customer service, scheduling and production planning. The functions have seen the use of ICT systems like GIS, GPS, Warehouse Management Systems, Transport Management Systems, among others. The systems have helped in execution and planning all parts of the logistics management from the tactical, operational to strategic parts. In addition, the systems have helped in integrating the functions which coordinates all the logistics activities. The other functions of finance, sales manufacturing, marketing, and information technology, have also improved. This has helped the way companies manage the supply chain. The paper will try to evaluate the key components of logistics management. In addition, the major ICT systems in the logistics plus their benefits and challenges in adopting an applying the technology will be analyzed. Operations Management and Logistics In any organization, operations are the base of functions. This is whether the company is a nonprofit or service industry or manufacturing. The operations management and logistics involves various disciplines like; human resource management, quality management, product development, logistics, and information technology. The operations of the company encompass the performance management of the building or design engineers in delivery performance, prediction of production, and quality-feedback loops. Moreover, the plan of the information architectures and supply chain management are also included in the operations management. There are both the practical and theoretical techniques and tools of management operations. These entail the analysis of operational performance of companies and explaining them in according to quality, time, and cost. In addition, the performance improvement is considered by redesigning new business processes (Tomaz, 2011, p. 1136). The main aim of operations and logistics management are to create suitable services and goods. This should be, in accurate quantity and quality and, to distribute them at the correct time and place. This leads to a considerable contribution in the operations of the organization. The operations and logistics management in a business set up includes; management, implementation, and design of systems, for the efficient use raw materials, personnel, finished goods, physical facilities, information, process inventories, products or services. This encompasses the entire supply chain that runs from acquirement of raw materials, production stage, to consumption point. The management of logistics and operations needs the knowledge of computers, quantitative models, and effective communication. The objectives and goals of logistics and operations management are to move gods, products, and services from the manufacturer, to the consumer through the supply chain. This should move at the right ti me and place (Abrahamsson, 2004, p. 96). This is the reason why the logistics managers have a significant role to play in liaising with the retailers, manufacturers, customers, and suppliers. The manager of a logistics company has various roles. These duties can include; warehousing, stock control, transportation, and monitoring, the flow of materials and goods. In addition, the day to day running of activities and making sure that cost, quality, and the supply chain is efficient and meets the right standards are the duties of a logistics manager. The job needs skills like; providing leadership, monitoring stock, keeping records, relating with suppliers and customers, managing receipts, and dispatch and storage of goods. In addition, strong organizational and leadership skills are required for the job. This is because quick decisions are expected in the supply chain. ICT and Supply Chain Management There is a relationship between ICT and supply chain management. This relationship has led to various studies and academic research. However, the discussion of the relationship has been fragmented and limited. There are components of ICT that are related to the supply chain management. In addition, there are also some interrelation between the supply chain management and ICT. This is in the leading applications and components of the ICT systems. The e-SCM is a new technology in management in relation to ICT (Ilia, Elmazi Bazini, 2011, p. 35). The supply chain management has seen the rise of the electronic supply chain management that has different components. This has given rise to opportunities for firms. The components have enhanced and improved the operations of firms that have employed the use of e-SCM. Managing of the supply chain has changed tremendously over the years. The supply chain involved the use of manual tracking systems, face to face management, wired communication links, paper dominated order processing systems. These were the management tools and ways in which the logistics managers operated initially. These tools and techniques have become obsolete over the past years. The tools and systems have given way to more developed systems and methods. Many nations have adopted the use of the modern systems in their supply chain management methods. The firms in these countries have successfully experimented with the knowledge management and supply chain networks (Rudberg Olhager, 2003). The experience has led to the adoption of the new systems that incorporate the use of ICT. The new methods have been used in the supply chains, in governments and business sector. This has made supply chain management gain much significance in the marketing field. This has made SCM become a vital marketing process that has an affirmative sway on the shareholder value. The supply chain networks, however, are becoming more complex. This is because of the global imbalance in the labor market. These costs force the firms to source from other countries that have cheaper labor. This is to help the firms to control their production costs so as to remain competitive in the market. The other reason as to why the SCN are becoming more complex is because of customers and consumers of products and services of various firms. They are increasingly becoming more sophisticated. The customers are demanding more customized products, in the markets. They want services, products, and goods that can better meet their various needs. The product variations in the market make the demand forecasting even trickier. The firms are made to predict on both the option mix and volumes. This is instead of the solitary demand model that they were accustomed in the production of products for customers. Moreover, the increased various product types have resulted, into a larger numbe r of manufacturers and suppliers, to administer higher harmonization costs. This has made the firms that are in the same supply chain, to coordinate with each other, so as, to optimize their processes. The complex network of warehouses, suppliers, factories, and distribution and retail centers, make the success of the SCMs to be difficult. This calls for better management of the system components in order to succeed in the complex networks. The success has called for the coming of information in the chain. This has made information become the main player in recent years in shaping the efficiency of a multifaceted enterprise (Shavazi, Abzari Mohammadzadeh, 2009, p. 2072). The aptitude of a business to route information and make quick, but, the correct decisions are the key to a promised growth. Therefore, it has become essential to estimate and forecast the supply and demand of the unprocessed materials. This is from the point of sale locations and reorganizing the structure of business where it is needed. An organization needs to integrate both the material flow and information so as to realize the objectives and goals of a system. The integration can make the system be, in a posi tion, to provide access to information, execute, and help in decision making processes. The significance of ICT in operations and logistics management has seen the increase of capital spending in information and communication technology in many countries. This is because the impact of ICT has been felt in the different sectors of the economy. The effect has been seen from the conceptual models that have been undertaken. The empirical ground models are the ones that have been presented so far. These studies have indicated that ICT has a significant and positive impact on the economic growth and labor productivity. ICT is expected to maintain to have a fundamental part in the management of the supply chains in the future. The use of ICT is more significant in fast moving industries, more so, in managing the modern supply networks. Furthermore, the relationship of the ICT and SCM makes it difficult to determine the one that contributes and has more benefits than the other. This can be shown by the example of implementing the VMI6-model with the EDI7-information transmiss ion that can lead to a considerable reduction of inventories. In addition, the implementation of the scheme leads to an augment in the material accessibility. The question is to determine if the benefits can be achieved without the use of EDI. For example, the exchange of the information by use of fax has effects. The other option is if it is possible to exchange of the information using another method. He considerations of the benefits and impacts of ICT should be done with most favorable situations and recording the results. Transport and Logistics Services The high quality availability of transport and logistics services (TLS) has improved management of supply chain. This has become a significant aspect in the competitiveness and growth of the economy. There are impacts and barriers that are involved in the information and communication (ICT), in logistics and transport services. This affects the users of the ICT logistics. In addition, there are several types of ICT use, application areas, future and barriers of application of the ICT use. The ICT systems have been useful in improving the systems of transportation in the supply chain. This calls for further investing for firms that use the logistics and transport in their services. The focus and evaluation should entail new technologies, which will streamline the processes further. The systems should allow for the sharing of information with partners in the same supply chain. In addition, the systems should add more and deliver value to employees, customers, and shareholders. The flow of services and goods between the manufacturers and customers should be improved by the use of new ICT systems. The integration of transport, information, warehousing, packaging, material handling, inventory, and security is enhanced by use of ICT systems. The systems add value to the logistics channel part of the supply chain. They help in utilizing the time and space used in the supply chain. Furthermore, the systems help in solving some of the complexities involved in the production logistics. They model, visualize, analyze, and optimize the supply chain by use of simulation software’s (Kiisler, 2008, p. 372). The logistics and transport services are a significant component of a flourishing economy. They enable the movement of services, people, and goods efficiently. These components should arrive at the right destinations at the right time and retained in the right quality and quantity. This should happen as they respect the levels of service that are involved in the process. ICT systems are significant in managing TLS organizations. This is because the firms need to manage their information efficiently and effectively in order to integrate various activities. The activities involved include; warehousing, distribution, fleet management, outbound and inbound transportation. This should be managed effectively so as to streamline the physical flow of services and products to consumers. ICT systems help in having the precise information, at the exact place, and at the correct instance. This is significant in the paradigm of physical goods and services. The systems give equal application in the administration of information. The TLS companies can employ the use of e-business technology in their businesses. This will help in enhancing their productivity and efficiency. In addition, an integrated approach in developed. This links the transport modes in more innovative methods. In the end, there is an enhancement in the value of services that are offered. The ICT logistics users in different firms across the world acknowledge the significant of the systems in their services. The impact and barriers of the information and communication (ICT) in their operations is significant. The systems developed have increased the efficiency of logistics and transport components in their firms. The transport facilitation involves the harmonization, simplification, and standardization of the international transport methods to realize proficient trading networks. In addition, the transport procedures are automated, and their fundamental operational activities are incorporated in the ICT system (Harland Lamming, 2001, p. 23). The integration of ICT in logistics and transport is a significant exploit in achieving accuracy, reliable, speedy flow, and cost reduction of the information and goods. The companies that are involved in transport and logistics services, therefore; need to invest more in new technologies. These will help the firms to streamline their services and processes, by allowing the sharing of information with the associates in the supply chain. In addition, the systems help in adding more value to the shareholders, employees, and customers services. The impacts of ICT are significant in the benefits and cost areas. Conclusion The conventional ways of managing the supply chain have transformed over the years. The systems that have been in place like; face to face management, paper dominated order processing systems, manual tracking systems, and wired communications are changing. These are the tools that the supply chain managers have been using. This has changed to new systems like extranet and intranet, e-business, e-procurement, electronic internet marketing, and the use of internet in the administration the supply chains. The digitization and information technology has impacts on supply chain and their management. The various aspects and components of ICT have effect on the varied parts of the SCM. The managers are provided with ideas on how ICT can be used and employed in the improvement of the management supply chain systems. In addition, the internet growth has provided the supply chains with various significant opportunities in service improvements and cost reduction. Furthermore, the internet gives access to knowledge and information in an inexpensive and faster way. However, the internet alone is not enough in ensuring efficiency and responsiveness. In achieving success, the supply chain should be designed to achieve an efficient flow of products. The electronic supply chain management has the opportunity for future and, hence firms should take advantage of the opportunities presented. The observations that have been made in theory and practical studies give varied operations and strategies in different tracks, in different directions (Storey, 2006, p. 276). Organizations that have with active business environments with additional marketing channels, heavier market segments, high pressure on profit margins, increased globalization on supplier and customer side, results to competitive weakness. The improvement of the industrial distribution, dynamic challenges, and management of the interaction between market operations and strategies should be employed in the dynamic busine ss environment. The theories in the market logistics, strategies, flexibility, and

Exploitation of Children during the Industrial Revolution...

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Great Britain experienced a period of radical change and transformation. This era is referred to as the Industrial Revolution. It brought a surge of technological innovations, an increase in production, more world trade, and a rise in urban population. One of the most controversial and widely debated issues until today among historians is the use of child labor. Despite that this era led to massive economic growth and social development, it violated women’s rights and exploited children. The purpose of this paper is to examine the exploitation of children during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, and provide information about the improvement of the labor market as a result. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain experienced significant wealth improvement. Technological innovation and scientific progress lead to advancement in industrial and agricultural production, enabled economic expansion, and the standards of living changed. The most apparent changes could be seen in rural areas, where the urban landscape frequently became industrialized with the developments in industry, agriculture and shipping. As wealth was accumulated in these regions, there was a need for country banking. The most profitable and exportable goods were in the metal industry during the late 18th century, and thus exported goods brought capital flow into Great Britain’s economy. Britain’s infrastructure and growth ofShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Time Between 1750 And 19141230 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution was a period of time between 1750 and 1914, in which machines began to replace manual labour. Originating in Britain it was a time of great technological and social change, with the industrialisation having major effects on work, politics, society and environment. The revolution began with the agricultural revolution in which machines rep laced the jobs of farmers and many began to move to the cities to find employment. This introduction of machines and increased city populationRead MoreChildren Working In The Factories during the British Industrial Revolution1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe British industrial revolution (1770 - 1850) had a super negative impact on the right of children. Since child labour was already a pervasive problem during the 17th century in Britain, the industrial revolution simply just made child labour even more overflowed. It was extremely unfair compare these thousands of children who worked non-stopping and suffered throughout their whole childhoods with the other normal kids who were at school and lived happily. However there had not been much thingsRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Appeal On The Population s Perspective Of Child Labour Committee ( 1830-1905 )793 Words   |  4 PagesMock IA Plan of Investigation Katerina S. The Industrial Revolution was the era in which machines changed people s lives. The cheapest and easiest way to maximize output was to get children to operate the machines. The role of emotional appeal had a big effect in the abolition of child labour after the Industrial Revolution. Child labour was accepted during the Revolution, as well as child exploitation. A lot of deaths and injuries could have been avoided with proper labour standards. This essayRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : A Great Job Opportunities For Children From The Age Of 51171 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution started in 1760 and continued until approximately 1840. It was a major turning point in the world’s technology. Hand tools were replaced by steam and electricity-driven machines (Spark Notes Editors, 2015) and many inventions were created such as the telephone, traffic lights and the sewing machine. This machinery enabled factories to expand and employ more workers, and led to people flocking to the cities. However this created big issues regarding housing, the more peopleRead MoreThe Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The Modern World Economy Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the long time of economic history, the Industrial Revolution happened in England in the eighteenth century is definitely a turning point which triggers many scholars’ interests. Gregory Clark, the author of A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, claims that the average person of 1800 was no better off than their remote ancestors of the Palaeolithic according to the Malthusian Trap. Then he focuses on solving three questions: Why did the Malthusian Trap persist so longRead MoreEffects of the Industrial Revolution727 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, lasting between the 18th and 19th century, profoundly affected the people of Europe, North America, and other regions of the world. The revolution produced new exciting technological innovations. As a result, the socioeconomic climate and cultural aspects of Europe and North America were altered in an unprecedented manner. Industrial opportunities also lured the population away from agrarian lifestyles to more urban populaces. The Industrial Revolution extensively changedRead MoreThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Family Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Family In the last part of the eighteenth century, a new revolution was formed and gave birth to a new standard of living. It shaped the world into what people of today are familiar with. This major occurrence of the late eighteenth century is known as the industrial revolution. It first began in Great Britain, which was the biggest empire in Europe at the time. The industrial revolution brought many positive aspects to society but it also broughtRead MoreEssay about Women In The Industrial Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Work in the Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution swept through Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting the class structure, economy, government, and even the religious practices of everyone who lived in or did commerce with these new industrialized nations. It made the modern age possible, but it was not without its growing pains. The position of women before the industrial revolution was often equivalent to chattel, and then as now, they were expectedRead MoreLaissez Faire Vs. State Intervention1467 Words   |  6 Pages1800s: Laissez-faire vs. State Intervention What does, exactly, ‘laissez-faire’ mean? According to the Oxford dictionary, this French term means literally ‘allow to do’, however, in nineteenth century Britain, this word was used to define a new policy of non-intervention in free market affairs by governments, in order to allow things to follow their own course without any external help, as suggested from some of the most famous economists of the era, as Adam Smith, his followers Thomas Robert MalthusRead MoreEuropean Factory Workers and Urban Artisans718 Words   |  3 PagesIn the eighteenth century much of Europe was experiencing an industrial production, furthering toward a more industrial society. Many people were supporting the new society, while others were criticizing it. From 1845-1847 Europe was experiencing poor harvests, which caused the Irish famine. Irish peasants died from starvation, while others migrated. Artisans and factory workers were undergoing a process called proletarianization. It was where an owner would pay a wage and the worker would lose

Explaining Accounting Practices A Strategy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Explaining Accounting Practices A Strategy? Answer: Introduction The managerial accounting process of standard costing and variance significantly helped in conducting an improved analysis of the performance of the entity. The variance analysis provided us with crucial insight regarding the various variable costs that can be reduced and for the purpose of alleviating the profits of the entity along with increasing its effectiveness and efficiency (Nimtrakoon Tayles, 2015). This also enabled the Marco Corporation to evaluate whether the need for change in the current procedures and systems is immediate or can be postponed for some more time. After doing the analysis the fact of significant variances in respect of variable costs came into light. This ensured that the entity or its management on its behalf would take the necessary steps in the near future based on the variances found in the results for the month of May. The first action would be to analyse the reasons behind the unfavourable variances found in the operations or specifically in the material, labour and overheads expenditure of the entity. Then, after analysing the reasons for the variances or deviations from the budgeted target necessary steps or changes in the procedures and the systems have to be made to ensure that the further occurrence of the same type of variances can be checked (Theriou Aggelidis, 2014). Strict actions would be taken against the employees if they are found guilty of negligence owing to which the entity had to bear the cost of variances. Reference Nimtrakoon, S., Tayles, M. (2015). Explaining management accounting practices and strategy in Thailand: A selection approach using cluster analysis.Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies,5(3), 269-298. Theriou, G. N., Aggelidis, V. (2014). Management Accounting Systems, Top Management Team's Risk Characteristics and their Effect on Strategic Change.International Journal of Economics and Business Administration,2(2), 3-38.

Bohol Countryside Package tour Essay Essay Example

Bohol Countryside Package tour Essay Essay Comment: Good Afternoon Everyone! I’m Queensy del Corro. your circuit usher for this 2-Day and 1 dark Bohol Countryside Package circuit. You can name me queen. Queenss or merely â€Å"Q† . whatever that suits you. And now. We are on our manner to our first halt The St. Joseph Cathedral. St. Joseph the Worker is the frequenter saint of the metropolis. The original church was built by the Jesuits through forced labor of the local people. But on December 23. 1798 the church was demolished to the land. The cross-shaped church was reconstructed in 1839 to 1855. Less than two decennaries subsequently. the two-storey convent was added. followed by the bell tower. As you can see the cathedral has a neo-Romanesque expression. with corbelled arches underneath the valance. Built from the usual stuffs found in other old churches built by the Spanish colonisers. the church retains the authoritative expression at the forepart frontage. We will write a custom essay sample on Bohol Countryside Package tour Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bohol Countryside Package tour Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bohol Countryside Package tour Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the interior. The church is both simple and olympian. Simple because the ornaments are non every bit flowery as those we would see in Baclayon Church. Which you will be able to see tomorrow on our 2nd twenty-four hours. Or that of the Sto. Nino Basilica in Cebu. Majestic because it inspires awe when you look up at the show of saints behind the communion table. Weddings are grandest at the cathedral which would explicate why it is non easy to acquire a reserve for the nuptials agendas. If you truly want to. give yourself a twelvemonth to reserve in order to be certain. So now. you can look around. take images and I’ll give you merely plenty clip to look up to the sacred topographic point. And delight make minimise your voices for there is a batch of church departers who prays and visits this topographic point every now and so. And for our following finish. We are now here at The Sandugo or Blood Compact Shrine memorial in Bo-ol territory of Tagbilaran City. Does anyone here have an thought what the word â€Å"Sandugo† means? â€Å"Sandugo† is a Visayan word which means â€Å"one blood† or in tagalog â€Å"Iisang-dugo† . It was a blood compact. performed between the Spanish adventurer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna. the captain of Bohol on that clip. It became one of a landmark site of the first international pact of friendly relationship between Spaniards and Filipinos. It happened on March 16. 1565. to seal their friendly relationship as portion of the tribal tradition. The memorial. with the bronze statues of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Rajah Sikatuna and several other informants. was a chef-doeuvre of the Boholano sculpturer and National Artist for Sculpture. Napoleon Abueva. Take clip to hold your images taken. and you may besides bask the over-looking position of th e Bohol Sea at the dorsum. merely be careful. I know you’re a spot hungry at the minute but don’t worry ‘cause we are now here at Bohol Bee Farm. You’ll be able to bask their healthy and organic nutrient without experiencing guilty after devouring a home base or two. But non merely that. you’ll besides enjoy to acquire near the coops or man-made bee urtications where the bees produce honey to pastries with hints of grated veggies. A usher will help you at that place so don’t concern. They besides offer adjustment services such as. watering place. massage countries and likewise. So I’ll give you adequate clip to bask the nutrient and most particularly the topographic point. Have and merriment and I’ll see you after an hr and a half. And now. we are here at Panglao Shell Museum besides known as The Nova Shell Museum. It features an enrapturing aggregation of sea shells. particularly those endemic to the Waterss of Panglao and Bohol. The museum is owned and operated by Mr. Quirino Hora who has practically devoted half his life in the collection. analyzing and file awaying of these submerged animals. His avocation shortly developed into a beginning of income for his household and provided employment chances to the local folks. At present. the Shell Museum showcases one of the biggest shell aggregations in the universe. For partisans of the beautiful sea life. the topographic point is decidedly on the top of the list. Fun fact. two shells are already named after him. the Busa Quirihoria and the Primovula Horai. The former was discovered in 1987 and the latter in 1994. along the pristine shores of Panglao Island. A tourer usher on standby can supply us information about the shells displayed inside the museum. Letâ₠¬â„¢s now hear it from him. I know you are all feeling tired from the about half a twenty-four hours of going on the manner here in Bohol. And the some short Michigans we did along the manner. that’s why I’m stoping our first twenty-four hours early go forthing you here in the Paradise of Bellevue Resort. Reservations are already made so you don’t have to worry about anything. Free breakfast is included for tomorrow. Enjoy. Relax and have fun! The Bellevue Resort is everything you would conceive of holding in the best dark of your circuit. Experience a life of luxury with The Bellevue’s five star assignments. The client service desk is unfastened for any inquires you may necessitate. Name clip tomorrow would be at 7:30 here at the exact country where we are now. See you! We’ll be go forthing precisely at 8am. Bring your swim wear merely in instance! DAY 2 Good Morning Everyone! So how was your slumber? Did you bask your Bellevue experience last dark? I hope you did. Have everyone here had their breakfast? ‘cause we have a long twenty-four hours in front of us. Our first finish for this twenty-four hours is the Hinagdanan Cave here in Bingag. Dauis still in the Island of Panglao. Bohol. In the country. you’ve seen legion souvenir stores that sell a broad assortment of souvenir points like keychain. T- shirts. chapeaus and the likes. I extremely recommend to purchase your â€Å"pasalubongs† here. for their stores have cheaper monetary values than of the other you’ll see on our manner. But you can make it subsequently. don’t worry I’ll give you clip for that. Upon come ining. the cave’s inside is rather dark. that’s why you need to set your cameras for proper lighting when you take images. If you don’t cognize the proper camera scene. I’ll be glad to help you how to make so. I can besides take your image if you want to. Inside the cave you can see a large. clean. and deep laguna where you can bathe. So anyone who brought their swim wears with them? You may now travel dipping! Following stop-over would be here at Dauis Church. The church is named Our Lady of Assumption. It is located in the bosom of Dauis town. The large country outside serves as the resort area for childs and picnic country for households during afternoons. Inside the church. you will see the â€Å"Miraculous well† as they say. Because harmonizing to some people. the H2O from the well can bring around unwellnesss and sometimes helps you get things that you’ve been wishing for a long clip. At the dorsum of the church. near the issue door you can see a little booth like construction where they sell bottled H2O from the â€Å"miraculous well† . You can purchase it for 20 pesos. Take clip to look over the topographic point and don’t think twice to inquire me assist you take your images. Following in line is run intoing Prony! The Python in Captivity. Prony is a self-developed and trained Python. It is owned by Sofronio ( â€Å"Fronio† ) . where the name â€Å"Prony† came from. This is the biggest and longest Phyton in imprisonment is in the Island. Prony was captured last October 21. 1996 which merely weighs 5 kg and is 5 pess long during that clip. Animal and snake experts says that the growing of Prony is unnatural as Pythons who live in the natural state with the same sizes are already 50 old ages old comparison to Prony who is merely 9 old ages old. The proprietor says that Prony’s growing abnormalcy is due to the fact that they treated the Python with outmost attention. They fed Prony live poulets before but due to her big ingestion and the cost of poulets. they now fed her with hog or caprine animal every month. Prony has an astonishing ability to feel unsuitable nutrient such as ill hogs and caprine animals. Prony doesn’t like dark. spotted and soiled hogs. She chooses clean white hogs that weigh over 40 kgs. The Python is given a bath 4 times a twenty-four hours and celebrates her ain birthday yearly. Now. you can take images with Prony. And if you like. they besides have lensmans to take your image and give you a printed one right after with a sensible monetary value. As what I’ve said yesterday. we’ll be sing the Baclayon Church – The Baclayon Church regarded as the second-oldest church in the Philippines ; following to San Agustin Church in Intramuros. Typifying Catholicism’s influence in the island. the Baclayon Church was built from corals bound together by howitzer mixed from eggwhite. Inside the church. you can see the dark inside of Baclayon Church. the aureate retablo behind the communion table will decidedly catch your attending. it is a churrigueresque sweet bedecked with backlit icons. Let’s walk to the dorsum of the church and you’ll see carroza. or passenger cars for spiritual emanations ; some walls and portion of the floors are engraved with the names of fans presumptively buried under the tiles. We’ll now be come ining the Baclayon parish museum. delight maintain your cameras for picture-taking interior is non allowed. You’ll happen the relics of ivory icons of Jesus and Mary ; relics of Jesuit saints ; church music written on fleece ; priestly vestments ; and spiritual graphics. Notes at the bottom portion of the relics are provided. take clip to read while the local usher tours you around the museum. For the anticipated tiffin counter. we are now here at the Loboc River Cruise. This is non something optional if you don’t want to lose a brilliant experience in your Bohol state side circuit. Enjoy a counter tiffin in a festival themed drifting eating house while basking the cool zephyr blowing inside it as it traverses Loboc’s clean river which is surrounded by exuberant green workss. Loboc River Cruise besides offer a dark sail which is perfect for a romantic dinner. Along the sail you’ll see several lanterns in the trees which certainly look great at dark. Enjoy your tiffin while listening to the local sets ready to serenade you throughout the sail. And don’t be surprised if they do some short stop-overs to allow you see and look up to the local kids dancing and singing folk vocals. On our manner to Chocolate Hills. let’s take this chance to stop-over in Bohol’s Man-made Forest. The 2-kilometer sweep of verdant flora largely of Mahogany trees. added with ferns. some wild shrubs and flowers. The Mahogany Forest was portion of the countrywide re-afforestation plan that was launched in the 1960s during the reign of Diosdado Macapagal. The 857. 4 hectares of bare land was bit by bit planted with immature Mahogany trees by voluntaries. You can besides now take the chance of taking memorable images of another expansive spectacle of Mother Nature and at the same clip. besides a merchandise of human inventiveness. For our last but non the least finish. The Celebrated Chocolate Hills. The world-renowned conic Chocolate Hills is Nature’s look of beauty. enigma and love affair. Chocolate Hills is besides cited as a Geological Movement of the state and is besides known as the Eighth Wonder of the World. It consists of about 1. 268 hay prick hills with highs runing from 40 to 120 metres. Formed centuries ago by tidal motions. the hills are considered as a National Geologic Movement. During the summers. the dome-shaped grass covered limestone hills dry up and turn brown. transforming the country into apparently eternal rows of cocoa â€Å"kisses† . Two of the highest hills have been now developed and provided with installations such as a eating house. inn and a position deck. Now go in front and research Bohol’s Pride! Goodluck on mounting the 214 stairss before making the position deck. Take Care! ! Myth Story relation: On our manner to Chocalate Hills Legend has it that when giants live with persons. a soft giant fell in love with a beautiful small town miss. Agoro. the giant was fine-looking and though a favourite among female giants. was besides a lone wolf. When everything and everybody slumbers. Arogo would sit by his favourite topographic point near the river to chew over or merely watch the dark base on balls by. One dark while Arogo was by his topographic point. he noticed a beautiful native miss with hair every bit black as the dark by the river bank. He immediately fell in love with Aluya. After that dark. Arogo would ever wait by his topographic point to take a glance at his darling Aluya. A rumour reached Arogo that Aluya would shortly get married a adult male her parents take for her. The dark before Aluya’s nuptials. Agoro kidnapped Aluya. Sing a elephantine. Aluya screamed. kicked and cried. but to no help. Arogo was successful in kidnaping Aluya. In the giant’s cave. Arogo tried to give Aluya nutrient and H2O but the miss kept on weeping. Her unhappiness reached her bosom that she died with cryings in her eyes. Arogo buried her and maintain his vigil. He cried for yearss and months. Giant cryings fell to the land. He cried a thousand old ages for the loss of his love. After sometime. Arogo’s cryings hardened and became what we know today as Chocolate hills. The Hills were informants of an unanswered love of the old ages go by. There are at least 1. 776 unvarying hills that leave visitants no wonder how they came to be. And that would stop our tour 2 twenty-four hours 1 dark Bohol Countryside Tour. I hope you had fun even merely for a brief period of clip. I enjoyed your company and I’ll be anticipating to see you here once more! Thank you so much! And it’s me. Queensy del Corro once more. subscribing off as your circuit usher.

Markeing Managment Essay Example

Markeing Managment Essay Example Markeing Managment Paper Markeing Managment Paper Marketing Management Knowledge and Skills Tenth Edition J. Paul Peter University of Wisconsin-Madison James H. Donnelly, Jr. / University of Kentucky Me Graw Hill McGraw-Hill Irwin Contents SECTION 1 ESSENTIALS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT 1 Processing of Research Data 3 7 Preparation of the Research Report 38 Limitations of the Research Process 38 Marketing Information Systems Conclusion 41 40 PART A INTRODUCTION 3 Chapter 3 Consumer Behavior 42 Chapter 1 Strategic Planning and the Marketing Management Process 4 The Marketing Concept 4 What Is Marketing? What Is Strategic Planning? Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 Culture and Subculture 43 Social Class 44 Reference Groups and Families 6 45 6 Strategic Planning and Marketing Management The Strategic Planning Process 7 The Complete Strategic Plan 16 Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 Product Influences 45 Price Influences 45 Promotion Influences 46 Place Influences 46 20 The Marketing Management Process 16 Situation Analysis 16 * Marketing Planning 19 Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 21 Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Product Knowledge 47 Product Involvement 48 The Strategic Plan, The Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 21 Marketings Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 21 Consumer Decision Making Need Recognition 49 Alternative Search 50 Alternative Evaluation 51 Purchase Decision 51 Postpurchase Evaluation 52 48 Conclusion 22 Appendix Portfolio Models 25 PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 29 Chapter 2 Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 30 The Role of Marketing Research 30 The Marketing Research Process 31 Purpose of the Research 31 Plan of the Research 32 Performance of the Research 37 xii Conclusion 54 Chapter 4 Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 55 Categories of Organizational Buyers Producers 55 Intermediaries 56 Government Agencies 56 Other Institutions 56 55 The Organizational Buying Process 56 Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 57 Straight Rebuy 57 Contents Modified Rebuy 57 New Task Purchase 5 7 xiii Structural Influences on Organizational Buying Purchasing Roles 58 Organization-Specific Factors 59 Purchasing Policies and Procedures 59 58 Chapter 7 New Product Planning and Development 98 New Product Strategy 99 New Product Planning and Development Process 101 Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying Personal Motivations Role Perceptions 60 60 60 Stages in the Organizational Buying Process Organizational Need 63 Vendor Analysis 63 Purchase Activities 63 Postpurchase Evaluation 63 62 Idea Generation 101 Idea Screening 103 Project Planning 104 Product Development 105 Test Marketing 105 Commercialization 106 The Importance of Time 106 Some Important New Product Decisions Quality Level 107 Product Features 108 Product Design 108 Product Safety 109 107 Conclusion 65 Chapter 5 Market Segmentation 66 Delineate the Firms Current Situation 66 Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 67 Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 67 A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 68 Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 68 Bases for Segmentation 69 Causes of New Product Failure Needfor Research 109 109 Conclusion 111 Develop Product Positioning 75 Decide Segmentation Strategy 76 Design Marketing Mix Strategy 77 Conclusion 78 Chapter 8 Integrated Marketing Communications Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication Create Awareness 112 Build Positive Images 112 Identify Prospects 112 Build Channel Relationships Retain Customers 113 112 112 PARTC THE MARKETING MIX 79 Chapter 6 Product and Brand Strategy Basic Issues in Product Management Product Definition 80 Product Classification 81 Product Quality and Value 82 Product Mix and Product Line 83 Branding and Brand Equity 84 Packaging 88 113 The Promotion Mix 113 Integrated Marketing Communications 114 Advertising: Planning and Strategy 116 80 80 Objectives ofAdvertising 116 Advertising Decisions 16 The Expenditure Question 117 The Allocation Question 120 Sales Promotion 124 Product Life Cycle The Product Audit 90 93 Push versus Pull Marketing 124 Trade Sales Promotions 125 Consumer Promotions 126 What Sales Promotion Can and Cant Do 126 Product Adoption and Diffusion 93 95 Deletions 93 Product Improvement Organizing for Product Management Conclusion 97 95 Public Relations 128 Direct Marketing 128 Conclusion 129 Appendix Major Federal Agencies Inv olved in Control of Advertising 131 xiv Contents Chapter 9 Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 132 Importance of Personal Selling 132 The Sales Process 133 Objectives of the Sales Force 133 The Sales Relationship-Building Process 134 People Who Support the Sales Force 140 Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 141 The Sales Management Task 141 Controlling the Sales Force 142 Motivating and Compensating Performance 146 Conclusion 146 Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 170 Analyze Profit Potential 171 Set Initial Price Structure 171 Change Price as Needed 172 Conclusion 172 PARTD MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 173 Chapter 12 The Marketing of Services 174 Important Characteristics of Services 176 Intangibility 176 Inseparability 177 Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 178 Client Relationship 178 Customer Effort 179 Uniformity 180 Providing Quality Services 180 Customer Satisfaction Measurement 182 The Importance of Internal Marketing 182 Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing Limited View of Marketing 184 Limited Competition 184 Noncreative Management 185 No Obsolescence 185 The Service Challenge 186 Banking 186 Health Care 186 Insurance 187 Travel 187 Implications for Service Marketers 188 Conclusion 189 Chapter 10 Distribution Strategy 148 The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 148 Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 148 Channels of Distribution 150 Selecting Channels of Distribution 151 Specific Considerations 151 Managing a Channel of Distribution 154 Relationship Marketing in Channels 154 Vertical Marketing Systems 154 Wholesaling 157 Store and Nonstore Retailing 15 8 Store Retailing 158 Nonstore Retailing 159 Conclusion 162 184 Chapter 11 Pricing Strategy 63 Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 163 Demographic Factors 163 Psychological Factors 163 Price Elasticity 164 Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 165 Pricing Objectives 165 Cost Considerations in Pricing 165 Product Considerations in Pricing 167 Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions Competition 168 Government Regulations 168 A General Pricing Model 169 Set Pricing Objectives 169 Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 169 Chapter 13 Global Marketing 190 The Competitive Advantage of Nations 191 Organizing for Global Marketing 192 Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 192 Organizing the Multinational Company 195 Programming for Global Marketing 197 Global Marketing Research 197 Global Product Strategy 200 Global Distribution Strategy 200 Global Pricing Strategy 201 Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 201 Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 202 Conclusion 205 168 Contents xv SECTION 2 ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 207 A Case Analysis Framework 208 1. Analyze and Record the Current Situation 209 2. Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 213 3. Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses ofAction 214 4. Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 215 Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 215 Communicating Case Analyses 218 The Written Report 218 The Oral Presentation 220 Conclusion 220 Exercise 7 238 Pricing Issues on the Internet 238 Exercise 8 238 Selecting the Internet as a Distribution Channel 238 Exercise 9 239 Internet Advertising 239 Exercise 10 239 The Adaptation of Services to the Internet 239 Exercise 11 240 Marketing Communications Techniques in the Internet Age 240 INTERNET SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 241 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Corporate Web Sites 242 Search Engines and Directories 242 Government Sites 243 Business Publications 243 Newspapers 244 National Papers 244 Large City Papers 244 International Papers 245 Regional Papers 245 General Business Sites 245 Internet Marketing Reference Sites 246 Compilation Sites 246 SECTION 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 221 Financial Analysis 222 Break-Even Analysis 222 Net Present Value Analysis 224 Ratio Analysis 226 Conclusion 230 SECTION 4 INTERNET EXERCISES AND SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 231 PART A INTERNET EXERCISES 233 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Exercise 1 234 Corporate Web Sites 234 Exercise 2 234 Online versus Offline Retail Experiences 234 Exercise 3 235 Consumer Decision-Making Process 235 Exercise 4 236 Discovering Product Assortments Online 236 Exercise 5 236 Brand Equity on the Internet 236 Exercise 6 237 The Impact of Communities on Marketing 237 5 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CASES 247 MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS 249 Case! McDonalds Corporation 250 I Paul Peter and Ashish Gokhale: University of Wisconsin-Madison Case 2 Southwest Airlines 2008 257 Andrew C. Inkpen: Thunderbird School of Global Management xvi Contents Case 3 South Delaware Coors, Inc. CASE GROUPC 271 PROMOTION STRATEGY 373 James E. Nelson and Eric J. Karson: University of Colorado Case 4 Ruths Chris: The High Stakes of International Expansion 280 Allen H. Kupetz and lion Alon: University of Western Ontario Case 5 Coach Inc. : Is Its Advantage in Luxury Handbags Sustainable? 287 John E. Gamble: University of South Alabama Case 6 Panera Bread Company Case 12 The Obama Campaign Strategy 74 Dan Tolhurst and Mark Vandenbosch: University of Western Ontario Case 13 Mountain Dew: Selecting New Creative 383 Douglas B. Holt: Oxford University Case 14 Red Bull 400 302 Arthur A. Thompson: University of Alabama Richard R. Johnson, Jordan Mitchell, Paul W. Farris, and Ervin Shames: University of Virginia Case IS Hips Feel Good- Doves Campaign for Real Beauty 414 David Wesley: Northeastern University CASE GROUP B PRODUCT STRATEGY Case 7 Starbucks- Early 2008 319 320 J. Paul Peter: University of Wisconsin-Madison Case 8 Your Home is a Good Place, Inc. CASE GROUP D DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY 429 25 Case 16 IKEAs Global Strategy: Furnishing the World 430 . Paul Kolesa Kevin Coulson and Zane Swanson: University of Western Ontario Case 9 easyCar. com 332 Case 17 Pets. com Inc. : Rise and Decline of a Pet Supply Retailer 438 Omar Merlo: University of Western Ontario Case 18 The Challenges Facing eBay in 2008: Time for a Change in Strategy? 453 Louis Marino: University of Alabama Patrick Kreiser: Ohio University John J. Lawrence: University of Idaho Luis Solis: University of Idaho Instituto de Empresa Case 10 The Launch of the Sony PlayStation 3 David Wesley and Gloria Barczak: Northeastern University Case 11 Snacks to Go 41 356 JoAnn K. Linrud: Central Michigan University Contents xvii Case 19 SECTION 6 STRATEGIC MARKETING CASES 587 Case 1 Wal-Mart Stores Inc. in 20 08: Managements Initiatives to Transform the Company and Curtail Wal-Mart Bashing 479 Arthur A. Thompson: University of Alabama Yum! Brands, Pizza Hut, and KFC 589 Jeffrey A. Krug: Appalachian State University CASE GROUP E PRICING STRATEGY 519 Case 20 Case 2 Caterpillar, Inc. 603 Schwinn Bicycles 520 J. Paul Peter: University of Wisconsin-Madison Sara L. Pitterle and J. Paul Peter: University of Wisconsin-Madison Case 21 Terra Bite Lounge: Pay What You Want Cafe^ 523 Remi Trudell: University of Western Ontario Case3 EMR Innovations 615 Kay M. Palan: Iowa State University Case 4 Case 22 Cowgirl Chocolates 527 Harley-Davidson, Inc. - Motorcycle Division 626 J. Paul Peter: University of Wisconsin-Madison John J. Lawrence, Linda J. Morris, and Joseph J. Geiger: University of Idaho Case 23 Case 5 Clearwater Technologies7 540 Susan F. Sieloff and Raymond M. Kinnunen: Northeastern University PepsiCos Diversification Strategy in 2008 639 John E. Gamble: University of South Alabama Case 6 CASE GROUP F Social and Ethical Issues in Marketing Management 545 Case 24 E. J. Gallo Winery (2007) Expresso Espresso 656 Calvin M. Bacon, Jr. : University of South Alabama 546 Case? Respironics, Incorporated: Take a Deep Breath 678 Janet L. Rovenpor: Manhattan College Armand Gilinsky, Jr. : Sonoma State University Marion Armstrong, Taylor Green, and A. J. Strickland III: University of Alabama Case 25 Abercrombie Fitch: An Upscale Sporting Goods Retailer Becomes a Leader in Trendy Apparel 563 Janet Rovenpor: Manhattan College CaseS Research In Motion- Entering a New Era 700 Sofy Carayannopoulos: Wilfrid Laurier University xviii Contents Case 9 Krispy Kreme Doughnuts in 2005: Are the Glory Days Over? 723 Arthur A. Thompson, Jr. : University of Alabama Amit J. Shah: Frostburg State University Case 10 Table of Contents 786 Introduction 786 Situational Analysis 786 Marketing Planning 786 Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan Summary 790 Appendix- Financial Analysis 790 References 793 788 Dell Inc. in 2008: Can It Overtake Hewlett-Packard as the Worldwide Leader in Personal Computers? 748 Arthur A. Thompson, Jr. : University of Alabama John E. Gamble: University of South Alabama Conclusion 793 Notes 795 Index 802 SECTION 7 Developing Marketing Plans 783 A Marketing Plan Framework Title Page 785 Executive Summary 785 784

Article Review Essay

Article Review Essay Article Review Essay UNIVERSITY OF LA VERNE La Verne, California Article Review Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Professor Fengmei Gong BUS 510 Management of Information Technology Chiu Ngok Lau College of Business and Public Management Department of Business Administration March, 4, 2015 Article review According to the article research, it has shown that a large number of information technology investments make economic competition, especially in traditional industries. And the main purpose of this article is that the relationship between information technology and the business competition is becoming more and more important. However, information technology invests too much, and company ignores other competitive factors, which lead company to decrease the competitiveness, so if company wants to change the pattern of competition, they need to actively put some new competitiveness. Mentioned in the article, the company could use information technology to improve their management model. Then, through good management model, it improves the competitiveness of the company. Secondly, the innovation could improve competitive advantage and also is an important means to change the competitive landscape. Of course, for the company, innovation is based on the information technology, because company wants to spread quickly, and accurately for new innovation, company should use the information technology. After that, when the company competes in a digital process, they should deploy a unified platform for information technology. In the process, company should solve two deployment of the obstacle that is fragmentation and autonomy. Company could get some common data through this platform that support and implement standardized processes, thereby enhancing the competitiveness .Next, the company could use information technology of innovation to t improve the data analysis, and speed up the business process. Lastly, in terms of communication, information technology could spread from top to bottom or from bottom to top. In the company's decision-making process, it Article Review Essay Article Review Essay Disease state such as Overweight and obese has become a significant concern in the developing countries. Obesity experienced in litigation of an extra adipose tissue in the body. Since the indirect calorimeter is not daily available for approximating energy requirements, many predicting equations have undergone improvised to rate this energy. Of recent, obese patients are at an alarming rate in the patient population. They do require nutritional support. In order to achieve this nutritional help, the resting energy expenditure of the patients is the most fundamental goal to examine. This helps to provide enough calories prevent the muscle eat up and hinder lack of minerals in the body. Indirect calorimetric and anthropometry These readings carried out using the Deltatrac metabolic monitor. It went through regulation on a daily basis before working on it. The patient was in a straight position and not asleep. The readings were in a semi-standard way that went hand in hand with the indirect calorimetric measurements. Those sick did not eat regularly during the measuring period. The readings then carried out at a standard neutral hospital room temperature. Oxygen intake and carbon dioxide released measured and energy use calculated by the weir formula (Moshe, et al 2006 P 973). The activity occurred for about 30 minutes. The use of calibrated electronic stand-up scale assisted in obtaining the weight of the body. Sex, age and the weight of the sick determined through interaction with the patient. Harris-Benedict Equations This is the most commonly used technique for obtaining energy use. In order, to change its accuracy stress factors should join hand. In this case, the body weight becomes the first variable. It becomes exact only when the body is in its normal state and when the body fat content is high the predictions become inaccurate. For obese patient’s body, weights undergo change for it to be effective in the equations. Illness and injuries increasingly complicated the estimations of energy requirements. It based largely on the healthy individuals. In the University of California, for example 65 men and 100 women found possessing the BMIs over 30. Measured energy use then divided by an estimated energy expenditure using the HB problem and the Cunningham equation to find the stress factor for injury and illness. They assumed that the stressed factors in most disease categories are in the set of 1.6 to 2.0. REE Predictive Equations It employed the concordance correlation coefficient to illustrate the use and the reliability of the forecasting equations. To obtain the CCC, we compute precision with accuracy. When, one foresees a range of 95% 105%, he would consider it a fair prediction. In addition, a prediction below that value could be viewed as underestimation but above it became overestimation. Inclusion based on age, sex, weight, and height The exclusion process had the following, which considered only the youths or the elderly (Peckenpaugh, 2010 P 601). For every study, equations are performed with respect to the high values of explained variance. However, additional equations are also fixed when weight and height come together. The average percentage of REE predictions exhibits a measure of truth on a group standard. Therefore, the HB problem is the most commonly used predicative case. This is due to its trained personnel. In addition, it can use other clinical conditions such as the presence of chest tubes, which could otherwise be impossible for the calorimetric measurements.

Report in phonology and pronunciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report in phonology and pronunciation - Essay Example On the other hand, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has 28 consonants ranging from fricatives, stops, lateral nasals, trill and semi-vowels. In addition, the Arabic consonant system is divided into two distinctive classes, which are emphatic and pharyngeal phonemes. Moreover, Arabic also has emphatic consonants such as /t/, /d/, /?/, and /s/. The table below 1 represents distribution of Arabic consonants Initial Medial Final /b/ bajt ?abd ba?b /t/ tarjama Xatama bu?t /d/ darb izdija?d Suru?d /k/ kam masku?n sikak /q/ qumtu baqqAl Dalq /?/ ?an ja?s bari /b?/ - qabbala dubb /t?/ - qAttala batt /d?/ - qaddama madd /k?/ - taSakkur Sakk The table below shows the plot of English consonants On a closer observation, Arabic has 13 phonemes, for instance, /t ?/, /t ?/,/s/, /x/, /?/, /d?/, /d?/, /q/, /?/, /?/, /?/, /?/, and /r/. Though Arabic and English share some phonemes, they differ in phonological rules, which limit concurrence of some allophones. For example, in English, the phoneme /l/ is co nsidered a velarized allophone at the end of words while in Arabic the same phoneme is realized as non-velarized at the end of words. In addition, the distribution of allophones is different in English and Arabic whereby the bilabial [p], which is voiceless and the bilabial [b], which is voiced occur as allophones of two phonemes in English (Amer 2010). In contrast, in Arabic the [p] occurs prior to the voiceless consonant, but [b] occurs somewhere else. Others such as /d/ and /t/ in Arabic are dental, but in English are alveolar while /v/ does not occur completely in Arabic. This may cause difficulties for Arabic learners of English due to contrasts in English such as /f?n/ fan and/v?n/ van. The sound /l/ occurs both in Arabic and English; however, in Arabic /?/ it is restricted to words like /a:h/. Therefore, /l/ in Arabic is used in positions of medial, final and initial while in English, /l/ is used in the position of initial and medial (Watson, 2002). Another sound that is enti rely different in English and Arabic languages is /r/ whereby it is a tongue tip trill in Arabic and a back alveolar in English. Therefore, this may present a problem for learners of English from the Arabic language because they attempt to the English /r/ with the Arabic one. b. Consonant Clusters Consonant cluster is also another element of phonemic that presents several differences among the two languages. In English, two or more consonants may follow one another to create consonant clusters or sequences. For example, for three consonant clusters: sleep, dogs, cuts, for three consonant clusters: risked, plunged, street, for seven consonant clusters: tempts strangers. Consonants can occur at the final position or initial position in English words, for example, â€Å"some of the consonants at the beginning of word are /b/ followed by /l, r, j/ as in bright, blame, beautiful, /g/ followed by /l, r/ as in gross, glare and /k/ followed by /l, r, w, j/ as in queen, clip, queue, crimeâ €  (Ladefoged 2001, p.56). On the other hand, there are other consonants that appear at the end of English words, for example, /t/ and /d/ as in wished, plunged, raised, risked, /s/ and /z/ as in yields, eats, risks and gives and /s/ and /z as in facts, fields, dogs, and books. In Arabic, there is no particular sequence for two or more consonants occurring in final and medial position. Arabic cluster involves breaking of the consonant cluster by an intrusive

Case studty (marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case studty (marketing) - Essay Example k due cognizance of changing customers’ requirements and used various market metrics to track customers were found to be the major facilitators for improved performance outcome of OQTA in 2004. The fast changing socio-economic paradigms and advancing technology has tremendously changed the dynamics of market strategies. ‘Organizations must change because their environments change’ (Bateman, 1990). In the contemporary times, the customer has become much more informed and technology has provided him with more options within the similar product lines, but produced by different companies. The case study of Outback Queensland Tourism Authority or OQTA is a case in point where application of marketing theory significantly improved the performance outcome of IQTA. Outback Queensland Tourism Authority or OQTA is a non profit premier organization of Queensland, Australia that is primarily responsible for the marketing, promotion and development of the tourism industry of Queensland’s Outback. OQTA promotes the interest of 21 government agencies and has around 230 members comprising of various stakeholders like tour operators, accommodation and transport providers etc It was observed that despite an intensive and focused mass communication campaign through brand building advertisements in television and radio, outback tourism saw 5% less visitors during 1999 to 2003. The present situation would be analyzed for the decreasing business and efforts would be made to identify the areas that lacked focus and new strategy that need to be pursued to turn it around and increase tourism activity in the outback. Outback covers substantial 48% of Queensland. While the lack of funds might have contributed to low business to some extent but the major factors that were responsible for low turnout of visitors were primarily because OQTA market strategy lacked of market orientation and brand building rather than the customers was the main focus of the marketing activities. The

Lahad Datu Essay Example for Free

Lahad Datu Essay A senior police officer met the elder brother of the man who led a group of about 200 Sulu gunmen to occupy Kampung Tanduo in Lahad Datu two months before the February incident. Former Sabah Special Branch deputy chief Senior Asst Comm Zulkifli Abd Aziz said he met Datu Esmail Kiram in late December 2012. He told the High Court here that he met Esmail, brother of the self-styled Sulu sultan Jamallul Kiram, for a cup of coffee and to get to know him. Questioned by counsel Ram Singh, he said Esmail did not reveal plans by the so-called Royal Sulu Force to occupy Tanduo. Instead, Zulkifli said Esmail asked for his help to look for investors to develop his 1,600ha land in Mindanao into an oil palm plantation. Zulkifli said he contacted Esmail on Feb 12 to obtain the telephone number of his younger brother, Datuk Agbimuddin Kiram, the leader of the Sulu gunmen. Ram: I put it to you that you and the Special Branch were aware of the possible Sulu gunmen intrusion into Sabah as early as December 2012. Zulkifli: No Zulkifli said he was only alerted of the intrusion when he received a call from a duty officer at the Sabah Command Control Centre on Feb 12. Zulkilfli was testifying at the trial of D/Korp Hassan Ali Basari, 58, who was accused of intentionally omitting to give any information relating to terrorist acts between January and March 3 at the Special Branch office in the Lahad Datu police station in relation to the Sulu gunmen intrusion. The charge under Section 130M of the Penal Code carries a jail term of up to seven years or a fine or both upon conviction. Questioned further by Ram, Zulkifli said he cracked jokes and distributed cigarettes to ease a very tense situation when he met Agbimuddin and other gunmen in Kampung Tanduo. There were three meetings between Feb 14 and 16 for tactical intelligence purposes apart from trying to convince the group to leave. I cracked a few jokes to liven up the situation by promising to bring them fried chicken and pizzas. And to allow us to take pictures of them, I told them to smile for the camera because their photos might appear in newspapers the following day, he added. To another question, Zulkifli said Sabahans were generally more knowledgeable about the Sulu claim over the state than other Malaysians.

Personal Writing: Changing Grades And The Consequences :: essays research papers

Personal Writing: Changing Grades and The Consequences I was about to leave my algebra class one day when the teacher asked me a question. "Could you do help me out with my rollbook program?" he asked. "Sure, how can I help?" I replied. "I'm not sure about how to save back-up copies of my work. Could you show me how?" he said. At this moment, I realized the scope of his question. I would be able to acess the grades for all of his classes. "Ok, Where are your disks?" I answered. "Right here. I really appreciate this." he said. I began to show him how to copy files from one disk to another. He thanked me and sent me on my way. A few days later he asked me to show him how to do it again, because he forgot. When I began to demonstrate this to him, several of the other students noticed and began to talk quietly amongst themselves. Later that day, at lunch time, I was approached by some of the other students in my class. "Hey, could you help us change our grades in algebra?" They asked. "I dont know... I might get caught..." I answered reluctantly. "Aww... come on.... what are you, chicken?" they taunted. "We'll pay you...." At that moment I began to think. I could not believe what I was hearing. I could get paid for something very simple. "Alright. I'll do it. What were your last names again?" I said. The next day my algebra teacher got me to help him out with his rollbook program. When he was not paying attention, I began to change their grades from F's to A's. Later on that day one of studens approached me. "Hey, did you do it?" he asked. "Yes, and I expect to be paid in full." I replied. "Dope!!! alright, Here's my money. I'll get the others to pay you next time they see you." I began to become very popular among my peers. They began to treat me like a god with a magical power. I began to change the grades of students in my teachers other classes. Word spread quickly and I became very rich. Everything was going fine until I was called into the Dean's offfice. When I got there, my teacher was very furious, and the Dean had a angry look in his eyes. "I have known you for 3 years now. I don't want to believe what your teacher says, but Im afraid that I must. He has too much evidence." he said.

Rhetoric and Organizational Method Works

Rhetorical Modes QuizComplete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device.Rhetorical mode PurposeExplain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. StructureExplain what organizational method works best with each rhetorical mode. TipsProvide two tips for writing in each rhetorical mode. Narration The purpose of narration is to tell a story whether it is factual or fiction. Having a plot, characters, protagonise, conflicts, and theme. Strong details like how each of our senses enteracts with different people, place or things. Also make sure to have a guide for your story whether it is factual, fiction or both. IllustrationDescriptionClassificationProcess analysisDefinitionComparison and contrastCause and effectPersuasionSelect one of the topics below and determine at least one rhetorical mode that would be appropriate for addressing the topic you selected. Write 100 to 150 words explaining the topic you selected, the rhetorical mode, and why you think this mode is most appropriate for addressing your topic.Pollution Workplace proposal for a new initiative Arguing to change a law Building a new park in your town Climate change Profile of your best friend or a family memberI would like to explain pollution to you by showing you the cause and effects, because this way you will know what may cause pollution and how it effects us. Since pollution is one of the major issue that we have today, it is important that we do what we can to minimize it so that we are able to let the next generation experience this beautiful world of ours.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Student: B00227358 University of the West of Scotland Issues Surrounding the Role of Innovation in the Economic Growth Process Introduction The modern world economy shows that the scientific and technological knowledge and innovation are key factors for sustainable economic growth. Much of the competitive advantages that the country holds today derives from the use of scientific knowledge and applied technology become the corporate level to develop new products or services through the management of technological innovation, marketing, and organizational.The world globalization highlights the urgent need for business organizations that produce goods and services for domestic or international market recognize the strategic value of innovation and incorporated into its business management as an instrument or tool that is part of your corporate culture. Innovation is an essential element for any organization in order to survive, grow and significantly influence the direction of any indus try.Development does not; however, guarantee success, but most be followed up with successive streams of innovation and change, from the incremental to the radical. Discussion The most reliable way to be successful in the industry is to innovate better and longer than the competitor, leading companies develops innovation portfolios that they can use to help sustain growth over the long term. Innovation and change is an essential part of any business activity, but only some people recognize its importance and significance.Companies recognize that key factors such as productivity, competitiveness, and productive marketing and organizational efficiency, depend increasingly implement suitable mechanisms to change from the stage knowledge generation (Science and Technology), or import and assimilation of it to the stage of practical application through the process of innovation. In the recent years, entrepreneurship has become the most successful innovation to increase the economical gro wth of the country. Entrepreneurship has long een briefly viewed as a foremost vehicle for financial development and it has captivated investigators from a kind of disciplines with very varied analytical approaches. Audretsch & Thurik, in their paper â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† demonstrates the change which is being made in the OECD countries. According to them, the reason for this change is the entrepreneurial economy (Audretsch & Thurik, 2001, 267). The paper is an attempt to articulate and identify the differences between the new emerging entrepreneurial economy and the managed economy.According to this paper, there are a total of 14 trade-offs that confronts these two economies. The major economic benefits of European integration will come not through economies of scale, but rather through economies of diversity (Audretsch & Thurik, 2001, 308). The countries that have adopted the entrepren eurial economy have been successful in making additional growth. In another paper, â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Wennekers and Thurik looks at the link between the entrepreneurship and the economic growth of a country.The paper concludes that entrepreneurship really matters for the prosperity of a country. In today’s modern world of economics, entrepreneurship plays an essential role in the growth of economy. According to the paper, ICT-revolution and globalization implies the need for a structural change which requires a considerable reallocation of the resources, this increases the demand for entrepreneurship (Wennekers & Thurik, 1999, 140). The Schumpeterian tradition of the analysis which concerns the form, innovation and entrepreneurship is examined in the paper, â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach. Burton proposes a post- Schumpeterian framework as a remedy for the defects in the Schumpeterian fra mework. The framework presented by Burton is based on four main elements Diffused Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Management; Collaborative Business Arrangements for Knowledge Creation; Knowledge Protection; and Knowledge Creation (Burton, 2001, 7). We can look take assistance from this framework to strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship in the country. Furthermore, in â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† demonstrates the occurrence of the high growth prospective of the new emerging firms.There are different rates of economic growths which have been observed in the country. Not every entrepreneurial start-up contributes to the generating economic growth. It shows that other factors also influence the economic growth of a country. Innovation in science and technology is also an essential part in contributing to the growth of economy in a country. Economic growth is a process through which knowledge is transformed into qualit y goods and services that satisfy human needs (Wong et al, 2005, 335).The companies are the means through which scientific and technological knowledge is applied in a practical way through the production process, and is transformed into goods and services increased level or better quality, which contributes to the economic and social transformation. Organizations need a change of approach, which involves focusing attention on existing technologies that when used on a widespread basis through processes of innovation, can have a significant impact on the UK economy.Most countries recognize the importance of science and technology as tools for economic growth, but many developing countries focus exclusively on the generation of knowledge in basic research support. Countries must adopt strategies to improve the infrastructure of basic services, so that the appropriate level of the same foster technological development necessary to achieve sustained economic growth: Without a decent infr astructure of basic services it is not possible to develop major applications of technology.Many developing countries have made the mistake of not giving enough importance to the training of technicians and technologists, and artisans, which are home to many small and medium enterprises. Today most of the curriculum and curriculum of universities in developing countries have become obsolete (Murray & Blackman, 2006, 132). In an increasingly globalized world requires changes in national policies to incorporate science and technology in the design of economic strategies, in order to achieve: 1. The use of existing technology, using the strategy of â€Å"shadow and fast â€Å"using ICT (information) than is available in the world, 2.Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in technological capability and seek to promote links with other firms in the chain, 3. † Upgrade â€Å"of existing technological capacity in the business sector, 4. Identify market niches and incorporated into the chain 5. To promote international technology partnerships, 6. Using technology foresight methodology in the various sectors (Murray & Blackman, 2006, 132). Among the various fiscal and policy instruments that can be implemented to stimulate technological innovation and boost business ties between the actors.We need to promote intellectual property, promote international cooperation in technology transfer, and promote co-financing for technological innovation and venture capital funds for technological innovation. Other than that encourage the creation and development of small and medium enterprises to promote business development centers and technology incubators, implement technology parks; enhance the technological links with companies in free zones are also very important. There are many issues involved in the role of innovation.For many years, we have tried to understand the relationship between innovation and development in global and in particular its economical dimension. This interest has increased significantly. While this issue has been addressed in the literature at least since the 60's and 70's, is the late 80's and 90's in that discussion has intensified in part by the new avenues that are opening the economy informational. A new technological revolution based largely on information, and spread through the global economy, affects the spatial conformation of economic activities (Uljin, 2003, 15).This is due to the characteristics that result from different combinations of endogenous processes such as fixed capital investment, research and development, education, the advantages in the use of technologies, the economies of scale, the allocation of resources, and a variety of institutional factors that vary between countries. This applies not only within countries but even between regions. The industrial map is diversified, resulting in regional differentiation based on the vocation of the places on those parameters.Innovative industries of the ne w technological revolution do not show a generalized spatial dispersion. On the contrary, are located in regions where they meet the requirements for innovation. Three issues deserve particular attention. First, it increases the importance of knowledge and intelligence as the basic factors of the system. They are the key for access to and ownership of information that feeds the dynamics of innovation by enabling technological transformation and modernization of the economy (Uljin, 2003, 15). Second, it involves growing interdependence among various actors and resources.Among them are companies that make up the economic structure of a region, universities, local government, the labor market, community, entrepreneurship, infrastructure and funding sources. Conclusion This is particularly important as the playing experience with innovation policy has become a panacea for a variety of problems. It is clear that the contexts in which they have successfully implemented these policies cont ain factors that are areas of opportunity for action and that lessons should not be isolated without context.Third, the information economy, enhances the integration between regional and global networks. The paradox of the twentieth century is that, in a global economy, regions and cities become increasingly important, even when they have less power than national governments and are always in constant competition. The regions have enormous advantages to compete globally; from greater flexibility to adapt to changing conditions at the national level can be tackled only with painful effort behind. References Audretsch, A. D. and Thurik, A. R. 2001), â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 10, No 1, Pp. 267-309 Burton, J. (2001), â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach,† International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovatio n Management Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 7-29 Murray, P. & Blackman, D. (2006), â€Å"Managing Innovation through social architecture, learning, and competencies: a new conceptual approach,† Knowledge and Process Management, 13, 3, Pp. 32-143 Uljin, J. (2003), â€Å"Cultural Conditions of Championing Innovation in International Technology-Driven Firms: Ways of Conceptualisation and Assessment,† ECIS Reseach, Pp. 15-19 Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R. (1999), â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Small Business Economics, Vol. 13, No 1, Pp. 140-149 Wong, K. , Ho, Y. P. & Autio, E. (2005), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† Small Business Economics, Vol 24, Pp. 335 – 350

Free Essays on Should We Live Together

Should We Live Together? Cohabitation is replacing marriage as the first living together experience for young men and women today. More and more young adults favor cohabitation during this age of divorce revolution. For them, living together seems like a good way to achieve some of the benefits of marriage without the risk of divorce. Couples living together can share expenses and learn more about each other. They can find out whether their partner has what it takes to be married. If things don’t work out, breaking up is easy to do. Cohabiting couples do not have to seek legal permission to dissolve their union. However, I believe that couples should not cohabit before they are married. Social science evidence suggests that living together is not a good way to prepare for marriage or to avoid divorce. Cohabitation is also not a positive family trend and tends to weaken the institution of marriage. First of all, cohabitation actually increases the chance of divorce, contrary to the belief that practicing living with someone is preparing for marriage. People who are willing to live together are more unconventional than others and therefore tend to be less committed to marriage. Cohabiters choose to live together rather than marry because they fear permanent relationships and commitments. So it is easier for them to leave a marriage after they find it unsatisfying. Research shows that living together before marriage increases the risk of divorce by 46%. Moreover, the breakup of a cohabiting relationship is not necessarily cleaner or easier than divorce. Breakup involves breaking up a household and may lead to conflicts over property, leases, pastdue bills, etc. Next, cohabiters usually value independence more and thus are less likely to support or be financially responsible to their partners. This could be a great loss for the female since they are performing all the duties of a wife without receiving any financial security. Indiv... Free Essays on Should We Live Together Free Essays on Should We Live Together Should We Live Together? Cohabitation is replacing marriage as the first living together experience for young men and women today. More and more young adults favor cohabitation during this age of divorce revolution. For them, living together seems like a good way to achieve some of the benefits of marriage without the risk of divorce. Couples living together can share expenses and learn more about each other. They can find out whether their partner has what it takes to be married. If things don’t work out, breaking up is easy to do. Cohabiting couples do not have to seek legal permission to dissolve their union. However, I believe that couples should not cohabit before they are married. Social science evidence suggests that living together is not a good way to prepare for marriage or to avoid divorce. Cohabitation is also not a positive family trend and tends to weaken the institution of marriage. First of all, cohabitation actually increases the chance of divorce, contrary to the belief that practicing living with someone is preparing for marriage. People who are willing to live together are more unconventional than others and therefore tend to be less committed to marriage. Cohabiters choose to live together rather than marry because they fear permanent relationships and commitments. So it is easier for them to leave a marriage after they find it unsatisfying. Research shows that living together before marriage increases the risk of divorce by 46%. Moreover, the breakup of a cohabiting relationship is not necessarily cleaner or easier than divorce. Breakup involves breaking up a household and may lead to conflicts over property, leases, pastdue bills, etc. Next, cohabiters usually value independence more and thus are less likely to support or be financially responsible to their partners. This could be a great loss for the female since they are performing all the duties of a wife without receiving any financial security. Indiv...

6 Strategies to Prove You Deserve a Raise

6 Strategies to Prove You Deserve a Raise It’s the end of a productive year, and you’re sure you deserve a raise. After all, no one knows better than you do about what you’ve accomplished this year. Now the key is making sure your employer knows that, as well. Whether you  want  to ask for a raise straight-up or negotiate a bigger one during an annual review, there are steps you can take to put you in a better position to increase your paycheck. Know your market value.It’s entirely possible you’re being underpaid relative to other people in similar positions. It’s also possible that your desire for a 43% increase is totally unrealistic. Thus, it’s time to hit the Internet. Do as much research as you can to determine what your role is worth at a range of companies. Sites like Glassdoor and PayScale can be excellent resources to give you a sense of what others are making in your field. Knowing what you can reasonably expect is crucial in preparing your raise request.Look at your company’s overall health.Is your company in cost-cutting mode? Did it have a banner year with high-profile clients? Understanding how your company is doing in general can help you figure out where to set your raise expectations. If it hasn’t been a great year for your employer, a huge salary bump just may not be feasible or likely, so shoot for a moderate one instead. This shouldn’t stop you from asking for a raise, but it can help you figure out what to ask for. If your company is struggling, acknowledge that in your request: â€Å"I know we’re cutting back, but I’d still like to discuss a salary increase.†Don’t wait for them to come to you.Use the year’s end or a scheduled performance review process to let your boss know that you’d like to discuss salary and career growth. Schedule some time to talk about it with your manager, or at least to touch base before a more formal meeting.Practice negotiating.Grab a frien d to practice your spiel of reasons you deserve a raise. Have the person be as tough a counter-negotiator as possible, so you’ll be ready for any kind of resistance. Know your accomplishments and strengths cold, so you can rattle them off when asked. Try different ways of working them into conversation so they don’t come off like a recited list.Have others sing your praises.If you can walk into the room with kudos from other people, it shows your boss you’re an essential team member. If you’ve received any grateful emails or nice compliments from colleagues or clients over the past year, now’s the time to dig through your email archive to find them.Don’t make it personal.This is not the time to bust out sob stories about your finances. This raise is about being compensated specifically for your work and your role in the company. Similarly, don’t try to exploit whatever personal relationship you may have with your boss. If you two go o ut for happy hour drinks twice a week or snark on each other’s Facebook, that needs to stay separate from your professional performance evaluation.No raise is guaranteed, but being extra-double prepared for the discussion, as well as having realistic goals in mind, will show that you’re ready for the next step up.

Corporate Compliance Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Compliance Plan - Essay Example The three manufacturing units of Riordan based at Albany, Georgia; Pontiac, Michigan; and Hangzhou, China; hereafter collectively referred to as ‘Manufacturers’ shall strive to uphold the best standards of quality. The headquarters and research establishment, hereafter referred to as ‘Management’ and located at San Jose, California is entrusted with the management of the company. The company’s sales & marketing as also any disputes concerning finance & accounting shall hereby be associated with the management only. Any dispute, controversy or claim arising as a result of interpretation, breach or termination of contract as well as claims shall be applicable to the management in case of arbitration. All legal disputes are subject to legal jurisdiction of the courts of San Jose, California, USA. All disputes related to the effectiveness and efficiency of the manufacturing operations, inventory, and product quality shall be arbitrated against the manufac turers only. Riordan aims to evolve into an industry leader in the ix sigma strategy and aims to enhance the quality of its products over existing ISO 9000 benchmarks, thereby focusing its energies and resources towards evolving and maintaining its lead as an industry leader in polymer materials. The R&D, as part of its continued efforts aims to provide customers with the cheapest products of the best quality in addition to identifying emerging trends in the industry. As part of ongoing efforts to identify risks and mitigate them, Riordan’s board of directors must work hand in hand with the senior management as well as key people in every department namely Sales & Marketing, Finance & Accounting, Human Resources, Operations and Information Technology. The top management is to be guided by a suitable action plan that outlines mechanisms to tackle all identified risks. Managers within every department and other employees must evaluate their performance within this framework

Formal Reports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal Reports - Assignment Example Encl. Report on Impact of RFID technology 2012 Annual Report Prepared by Ron Moser RFID strategy leader Report Distributed July 19, 2013 Prepared for The Board of Directors Wal-Mart Abstract RFID technology has so far been advantageous for the company in relation to inventory management and supply chain management. Since implementation of this technology required high investment, therefore in initial years the returns were below expectations, but in long run it can prove to be profitable because through improved inventory management it can enhance sales thus leading to higher revenues for the company. RFID can ensure that goods are always available on the shelves thus catering to customers becomes easy and customer satisfaction which has always been the motto of Wal-Mart becomes ensured. Also, inventory visibility is another advantage of RFID which keeps tracks of the whereabouts of items whether in backroom or shelves. This requires less use of manual orders and workers can devote m ore time to customers. RFID has also reduced inaccuracy in inventory record. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract †¦..................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 3 Introduction †¦..................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... .................................8 Impact on sales values ..................................................................................9 Impact on the profit structure ......................................................................10 Conclusion and recommendations †¦........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 References ...............................................................................................................12 Introduction The main area of Wal-Mart that is benefitted by RFID is the improvement of supply chain management. RFID can be extremely beneficial for retailers and production aspect of the supply chain. RFID is an electronic substitue of barcodes. In combination with mobile computing and online technologies, RFID can help the company to efficiently manage and upkeep its stocks. This technology can eliminate manual labour for identification of products and their storage. I t helps the company to manage its stocks and assets from anywhere in the world and helps management to make appropriate decisions (Bhatta, 1-2). The reason of this paper is to see the benefits of RFID on Wal-Mart, to see how its product functions have changed for the better after implementation of this technology. RFID helps in keeping accurate track of stocks thus leading to positive replacement of stocks, and can bring improvement in gross margins and unit volumes. Impact of RFID technology Principle advantages of RFID technology It was in 2005 that Wal-Mart implemented RFID for the first time in its supply chain in order to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance satisfaction level of consumers (Chen, 13). These are the standard goals for which RFID is used in supply chain management industry. There are numerous benefits of RFID. It has

Market structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market structure - Research Paper Example This implies that product differentiation exists and each one is capable of satisfying divergent consumer needs. Barriers to entry are few thus explaining why the competitors are many in number (Makiw, 2008). The oligopolistic market structure is one in which a small number of players operate, and they can control the market. Usually, these players are large enough and account for a substantial market share. They make decisions interdependently and are highly motivated by the need to cooperate. Therefore, players exert a degree of control over market conditions. Furthermore, this model is characterized by many barriers to entry. A monopoly is a market in which only a single producer exists. The person is therefore capable of exercising considerable control over the market. Products sold do not have close substitutes thus prompting consumers to stick to them. Normally, the monopoly thrives in water distribution, electricity and gas industries. Barriers to entry are also quite high. 2. Real life example of a market structure in my local city A Shell retail outlet is an example of an oligopolistic market in my city. The organization has relatively few competitors in the gas pump market. Retail outlets may be high in number but the number of companies controlling those outlets is relatively few. Furthermore, Shell is a large company that accounts for about 20% of the market share. This degree of concentration in the oil retail industry makes Shell gullible to collusions with its rivals. For a number of times, the company has been accused of setting artificial prices that do not relate to world oil prices. Regardless, the organization’s products are often sold for a price that is relatively close to market rates. In oligopolistic markets, this is typical for many organizations as competition based on price could lead to inefficiencies. Barriers to trade are also substantial as certain restrictions exist. Shell has control over oil as a natural resource. It is also a vertically integrated firm in which other aspects of oil production take place. The facilities and equipment needed to carry out this work are quite expensive. Therefore, new entrants would not have the economies of scale needed to make significant profits in the market. They would have to raise their prices in order to cover production costs, yet this would drive away consumers who would seek inespensice alternatives. Shell also enjoys large revenue streams from its elaborate business model. Therefore, it is likely that a competitor interested in entering the market would have difficulties advertising or matching Shell’s marketing expenditure (Frank and Bernanke, 2009). 3. How high entry barriers into markets influence long run profitability Entry barriers may come in the form of patents, government licensing, benefits that accrue from economies of scale or resource control. Industries with high entry barriers will not have many alternative suppliers. Therefore, mark et forces will be weakened. Profitability will mostly depend on the supply side of the equation. Usually, when a seller sets their prices, they normally do this on the basis of their costs. Marginal costs refer to those additional expenditures incurred when a seller makes an additional item. In markets with low entry barriers, sellers will price their commodities on the basis of